Reversing mechanism



Aug. 16, 1938. R. E. ANNEREN 51- AL REVERSING MECHANISM Original Filed Nov. 13, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 awn/70m;

' ATTORNEY" R. E. ANNEREN ET AL REVEVRSING MECHANI SM Aug. 16, 1938. 2,127,102

Original Filed Nov. 13, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I a 6/; r53 4/ 65 y #vvmvrogs M M, W

M ATTORNEY 16, 1938. R. E. ANNEREN ET AL 2,127,102

REVERS ING MEGHANI SM Original Filed Nov. 15, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet s NVE/vmA J #1421 A TTOR/VE) 8- 1938. R. E. ANNEREN ALI 2,127,102

REVERSING MECHANISM Original Filed Nov. 13, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 6 W ATTORNEY Aug. 16, 1938. i R. E; ANNEREN El AL REVERS ING MECHANI SM Original Filed Nov. 13, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 b /{VVE/YTOAQ 2%?! (MW BY J /W 'i/Wl ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 16, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE REVERSING MECHANISM Original application November 13, 1933, Serial No.

697,710. Divided and this application September 30, 1936, Serial No. 103,261.

March 30, 1933 24 Claims.

This application is a division of our copending application, Serial No. 697,710 filed November 13, 1933, and which has matured into Patent No. 2,068,899 issued January 26, 1937.

This invention refers to reversing mechanisms. The invention may, for instance, be applied to calculating machines but also in other cases, in which a reversing mechanism is required.

A chief object of this invention is to provide for a simple and eflicient rapid-acting coupling between a unidirectional driving motor and a rotary mechanism which is to be reversed, when desired. A further object of the invention is to make it possible to operate the reserving mechanism safely and efficiently at a high speed.

A further object of this invention is to adapt the reversing mechanism to be operated safely by keys.

A further object of this invention is to render it possible to have the rotary mechanism reversed in one single angular position only, no reversing and no uncoupling being possible in other positions.

A further object of this invention is to prevent all manipulations on the reversing mechanism, but in one single position of rotation.

Another object of this invention is to provide for a simple and rapid-acting coupling between a driving motor and the rotary mechanism carrying out the calculating operations in a calculating machine. Said rotary mechanism or actuator is often identical with the setting members or secured to them. but separate setting members are sometimes used. A further object of this invention is to render it possible to operate the machine at a high speed, so as to enable the operator to use the machine both as a multiplying machine and as an adding machine at a high velocity in both cases.

Further objects will be evident from the following specification and claims.

Embodiments of the invention as applied to a calculating machine are shown in the annexed drawings.

Fig. 1 is an end view of the machine from its right side, the end wall carrying shafts having been removed, and shows some parts in section.

Figs. 2-6 are cross-sectional views taken on the lines indicated by the corresponding Roman numbers in Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line VIIVII in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7. r r

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line vision. I the setting mechanism or actuator of the ma- In Germany IX-IX in Fig. 5 and shows an end view of the zeroizing device proper for the setting device.

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the tens transfer mechanism of the highest digit of the results counter or register.

Fig. 11 is a top view of the machine, some parts being broken away.

Fig. 12 is a detail View of a modified embodiment.

.The machine illustrated is substantially f the type shown in the U. S. Patent No. 2,108,596 for Improvements in calculating machines issued to Karl Viktor Rudin on the 15th of February, 1938, and also shown and described in the German Patent No. 535,576 and in the U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771, and it is, therefore, not necessary to describe the same here in detail. The machine is of that general type which is termed Odhner or pin-wheeLmachine and has rotor discs provided with teeth slidable in the radial or axial direction and adapted to be set by means of a curve slot disc or a setting ring. The invention is, however, not limited to that particular type of machines but may be applied to reversible mechanisms in general.

Referring now to the drawings, indicates a main operating or actuator supporting shaft rotatably journalled in the machine frame A. On said shaft a carriage 4 is slidablymounted and carries a setting device or actuator comprising a numberof pin wheels 4a of the Odhner-type, as shown in detail in the patents and the patent applicati on cited above. For effecting the calculating operations the main shaft 5 is rotated in either direction, that is, or direction, as the case may be. ten setting keys B, for" instance, in the manner set forth by the patents and the patent application just cited.

In addition to said ten setting keys B and the tabulator keys C the machine has two revolution keys I and 2 marked and and also a zeroizing key 3, Figs. 1 and 11. On the front side of the machine, that is the side facing the operator, a movable lever 7 is arranged, which is adjustable to two positions, indicated in Fig. 1 by full lines and dash-and-dot lines, respectively. The lower or full line position is indicated by addition and subtraction on the casing of the machine, while the upper or dash-and-dot line position is marked multiplication and di- When the lever Isis in itslower position chine is zeroized automatically after each stroke of the machine, while suchzeroizing is effected The pin-wheels are set by means of only when the zeroizing key 3 is manipulated by hand, if said lever is in its upper position. The results register D and the quotient register or revolutions counter E are Zeroized in well-known manner, for instance, by hand by means of levers F, G, Wingnuts, handles or the like.

In this specification the expressions front, back, right, left, upwards and downwards are used as they appear to an operator sitting at the key board of the machine, unless otherwise stated.

An electric motor H drives via a gear K a shaft 8, Figs. 1 and 11, having a gear L meshing with a gear I I on a shaft 9 to drive the latter. Because the motor H has only one direction of rotation, the shaft 9 will always rotate in the same direction, when the motor contacts 35 are closed.

To said shaft 9 two spur gears I and I I are secured, of which the gear I I directly drives a spur gear I2, while the gear I0 drives a spur gear I3 via an intermediate gear I4, the two spur gears I2 and I3 being thus rotated in opposite directions, that is and directions.. They are loosely journalled on a shaft I5 on both sides of a coupling arm I6 secured to said shaft. On a pin I8 on said arm I6 a coupling ratchet or pawl I 'I is swingable in the axial direction of said shaft I5, see especially Fig. 6. The gears I2 and. I3 have one projection '29, 2| each and the pawl I'I, while in its normal middle position, is out of engagement with said projections 29, ii. If, however, said pawl is swungaxially it will engage one of those projections and then couples the corresponding spur gear I2 or I3 to the shaft !5, which is thus caused to rotate in the corresponding direction. Said rotation is transmitted from the gear 22 secured to the shaft I5 via gears 23, 24, Fig. 1, to a gear 25 secured to the main operating shaft 5. Consequently, the setting de vice or actuator 4, 4a is caused to rotate in the corresponding direction. In the drawings the directions of rotation for operations, i. e. addition and multiplication, and for operations, i. e. subtraction and division, are indicated by arrows marked accordingly.

To the shaft 9 a curve slot disc or cylinder 29, Figs. 1 and 5, is also secured whose curve slot is always engaged by a pin 21 on one end of a lever 29 rotatably journalled on the pin 28, said lever being thus moved with a rocking motion to and fro when the motor H runs. At its other or front end said lever 29 carries a slide 30 pressed downwards by a spring 3I, Figs. 1 and 4. The slide 39 is slidably journalled on the lever 29 by means of pins 30a and slots.

- On a stationary shaft 33 a triangular member 34 is secured which is rocked by the keys I and 2, if either of them is depressed, Fig. 1. Then the lever 35 closes the contacts 35 for the electric current to the motor H and the motor is started, causing the ears I2 and I3 to be rotated in opposite directions and the slide 30 to be reciprocated or rocked in the axial direction of shaft I5. If the key I or 2 is further depressed its projection 9| or 92, respectively, will abut against a sliding or push rod 36 or 31, that is if the key I is depressed, the sliding rod 36 is pressed upwards by projection 9| and if the key 2 is depressed the sliding rod 31 is pressed upwards by projection 92-see especially Fig. 4. The rod which is thus lifted enters the path of the reciprocating slide 30 and is moved laterally by the same to the corresponding side. Thus, in Fig. 4 the rod 36 is moved to the left and. the rod 31 to the right, if lifted by the keys I, 2. If the 7 and 8. If one of said rods is moved laterally,

it will also move the member 39 laterally, accordingly. Said member 39 has an arcuate portion formed with a slot or opening 49 of the shape shown in Fig. 8 and the outer narrow end Ila of the pawl II, during a part of its rotation, will enter saidslot 49. If said guide member 39 has been moved laterallyFig. 8fr0m its normal middle position in the manner just indicated the pawl Il, during its next revolution, will be rocked a corresponding distance laterally, that is in the axial direction in relation to the shaft I5, to couple the corresponding spur gear I2 or I3 to the shaft I5, as mentioned aboveFig. 6. Thus, the key I originates a rotation, when depressed, and the key 2 a rotation.

The guide member 39 has a spring 4| supported on a fixed shaft and engaging ears 39a on member 39Figs. 7 and 8-for restoring said member to its normal middle position. When the Corresponding sliding rod 36 or 31 again is returned to its lowermost position by one of the restoring springs 42 (Fig. 1), for instance, after the depressed key I or 2 is released, the member 39 is restored to its. normal middle position and returns the pawl H to its normal position at its next rotation, by means of the guiding slot 40.

Two pull rods 43, 44 are articulately connected with respective locking arms 45, 46 and are pressed upwards by springs 41.

If either of the keys I or 2 is depressed, the pull rod 43 or 44, as the case may be, is drawn upwards by the corresponding spring 4'IFigs. l and 4--and said rod then swings the locking arm 45 or 46, as the case may be,-Figs. l, 6 and 8upwards to engage the notches'45a or 46a in the lower corners of member 39, thus causing the member 39 to be locked by the arm 45 or '36, as the case may be, in the extreme position of its lateral motion which was originated by the depression of said key. When the key I or 2 is released again, the rod 43 or 44 is drawn downwards by its pin 48 or 49, Figs. 1 and 4, engaging the key, so that the locking of the member 39 is released, Fig. 8.

The restoring springs 5I of the keys I, 2 have to overcome the pull of the springs 4?, when the keys are released and for this reason the springs 5I mu st be stronger than the springs 41.

When the pawl I'I, rocked laterally by the guiding slot 49 of the member 39, continues its rotation said pawl comes out of engagement with said slot but will then be guided on the corresponding side of a circular guiding rail 50 (Figs. 1 and 6) and is thereby maintained in correct engagement with the projection 29 or 2|, as the case may be. As seen from Fig. 1, said guiding rail 50 embraces such a part of a revolution (of 360) that the pawl I'I will enter the slot 40 just as it leaves the guide 59.

When the pawl I1 is restored to its normal middle position by the guide slot 40 it is disengaged from the projection 29 or 2|, as the case may be, and the shaft I5 and the pin wheels 4 will stop, while the spur gears I2 and I3 continue their rotation (running light) until the motor current is broken by the contacts 35.

To look the actuator or pin wheel rotor 4, 4a against rotation on the shaft 5 in its position of rest a disc 52. (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) is secured to said shaft 5 and provided with a lateral projection or stud 53 arrested between two pawls 54, 55 in said position of rest. Those pawls are rotatably journalled each on one of the arms 51, 58 which are swingable on the stationary shaft 56. A tension spring 59 pulls said arms against a stationary pin 59a, and when at the end of a rotary motion of the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a one of the pawls 54 or 55 strikes upon the stud 53 to stop said rotor, the spring 59 absorbs the shock. A spring 60 presses the pawls 54 and 55 to engage the projection 53.

When upon depression of a key 1 or 2 the guide member 39 is moved from its normal position said member via the corresponding pin 38 depresses one end of a lever 5| (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) pivoted at Ma so as to cause the opposite end of said lever to engage the pins 62 secured to the pawls 54, 55 and to lift the latter out of engagement with the stud 53. Thus, the locking of the setting device 4, 4a is released before the rotary motion begins.

When thereafter the key I or 2 is released and consequently the corresponding rod 36 or 3'! returns to its lowermost position, the lever 6| is also released and the pawls 54, 55 are restored by the spring 69 to their locking position to stop the pin wheel rotor 4, 411.

As shown in Fig. 1 the pawls 54, 55 have one front nose or point I50 and one back nose or point |5| each. If the stud 53, in its rotation, should pass by the front or outer nose of the corresponding pawl, before said nose has returned to its locking position, the stud 53 will be engaged by the other, back or inner, nose of the same pawl and will bounce back, thus rendering it possible for the front nose of the same pawl to snap in to engage the stud 53. Consequently, the pin wheel rotor will always be stopped in its correct position of rest as shown in Fig. 1.

To prevent the motor current from being broken during the rotation of the pin wheel rotor a lever I9 is provided pressed by a spring, 20s to engage a curve on the disc 52. When the actuator 4, 4a is off-normal, said curve will rock the lever l9 to keep the contacts 35 closed via the member 34 until the pin wheel rotor has returned to its position of rest shown in Fig. 1. Then one end of the lever I9 enters a lower part of the curve of the disc 52 and does not longer prevent a breakingof the contacts 35.

The coupling members for zeroizing or clearing the setting device are as follows:

The main operating shaft 9drives, via the gear H], a gear 63 secured to a shaft 64 (Figs. 1 and 5). To said shaft a projection or tooth 65 is secured. Furthermore, a gear 66 is loosely journalled on said shaft and provided with a flange 6'! (Fig. 5) riveted thereto and on said flange a radially swinging pawl 68 is journalled on the pin 68a (Fig. 1) and urged by a tension spring 69 toward the tooth 65. Said pawl is, however, normally kept out of engagement with the tooth 65 by a lever 10 pivoted on a stationary shaft ll (Figs. 1 and 6). A tension spring 12 urges the projection end or point Illa of said lever 10 to engage a curve disc 13 (Figs. 1 and 5) secured on a shaft 14 which also carries a gear 15 meshing with the gearu66. r

the zeroiz'ing key 3 is actuated, for instance, by hand, the back end of said key will engage a pin 16 secured to the lever 10 to rock said lever out of engagement with the pawl 68. Said lever will simultaneously depress the pin 8| secured to the lever 34 to close the contacts 35. The spring69 then draws the pawl 68 to engage the tooth 65, thus causing the wheel 66 to be coupled with the shaft 64 now driven by the motor H. The wheel 66 will consequently drive the gear 15 until the pawl 68, after one revolution of the shaft 74, is again disengagedby the lever 'H) which meanwhile has been restored to its normal position by point Illa moving into the depression in disc 13. Thus, also the lever 34 is freed and motor current is broken by the contacts 35.

During the rotation of the gear thus brought about the setting device or actuator is zeroized as follows:

The shaft 14 (Figs. 1, 5 and 9) is also provided with a curve disc or cam ll. A roller '19 on a lever 18 engages said disc, and when the latter is rotated the lever 18 will be rocked as indicated in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 9. A pull rod articulately connected with the lever 18 will actuate zeroizing members of any Well-known or suitable construction, when said lever is rocked. Thus, the other end of the lever 80 may be articulately connected, for instance, with the arm 29 or the zeroizing lever 32 of the setting device as shown in the U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771. Thus, the setting device (the pin wheels) is restored to its zero position and the pin wheel rotor slides back toits position of rest, as described in the U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771 and also in the U. S. Patent No. 2,108,596 (German Patent No. 535,576)

Each time the key 3 in Fig. 1 is actuated the setting device or actuator will consequently be zeroized.

In the very beginning of the rotation of the gear 75 the point Illa of the lever Ill will ride up on a higher part of the curve disc 13, thus preventing the lever 10 from being restored to that position in which it disengages the pawl 68, before the curve disc 13 has completed one full revolution. Consequently, the end 70b of the lever 10 engages the pin 8| of the lever 34 and keeps the latter depressed and the contacts 35 closed until the zeroizing procedure is completed. In the embodiment shown the gear 66 has only half of the number of teeth of the gear 15 and consequently the shaft 64 makes twov revolutions for each revolution ofthe shaft 14 necessary to cause the curve disc 13 to effect a complete zeroizing of the setting device 4, 4a.

The zeroizing operation effected by the motor upon manipulation of the key 3 by hand is the zeroizing necessary for multiplication and division. For addition and subtraction the setting device 4, 4a should be automatically zeroized after each stroke or revolution of the machine.

For this purpose the following device is provided:

To the adjustable lever i mentioned above a pin 82 is secured (Figs. 1 and 2) which in the lowermost position (addition, subtraction) of said lever Tengages a point or nose 83a of the lever 83, the latter being rotatable on a pin 84 secured to the zeroizing key 3. If either of the keys I and 2 is depressed the disc 52 will rotate, as described above, and two pawls 85, 86 rotatably journalled thereon will then strike the point 832) of the lever '83. Springs 87 normally press said pawls against pins 38', 89' (Fig. 1). .If the disc 52 rotates, for

instance, in the direction in Fig. 1 (counterclockwise) the pawl 85 will first strike on the point 8317 but said pawlwill be rocked aside and stress the corresponding spring 81 which will afterwards restore it to engage the pin 88. At the end of this rotary motion of the disc 52, when the calculating operation (addition) brought about by the rotation of the pin wheels 4 has been transferred to the results counters, the pawl 36 strikes the point 83b The pin 89 prevents said pawl from being rocked aside, thus causing said pawl to swing the upper end 83b 'of the lever 33 aside; Because said point 83a engages the pin 82 the lever 83 will then fulcrum on the pin 82 and the lower end thereof swings and moves the zeroizing key 3 inwards to cause a zeroizing operation automatically, as described above.

If, on the contrary, said disc 52 rotates in the direction (clockwise in Fig. l) the pawl 85 in a similar manner swings the lever 83 automatically to initiate the zeroizing operation, after the pin wheel rotor 41, 4a has completed its subtractive operation in the results counter D.

Because such automatic release of a zeroizing operation might not begin, until after the calculating operation is completed and the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a thus is near the end of its rotary motion, the pawls 54, 55 have only a very short time for snapping in to stop said rotor. The double points of said ratchets and the bouncing operation effected thereby is then very important to arrest the rotor in due time and thus to prevent miscalculations and faults.

As is shown in Figs. 1 and 4,.the lower ends of the rods 36, 31 are slidable in a release slide 90, engaged by a projection 3a of the zeroizing key 3. When said key 3 is moved backwards, that is to the right in Fig. 1, to initiate the zeroizing operation, the slide 90 and consequently also the lower ends of the rods 36, 31 will be pushed backwards and disengaged from the projections 9|, 92 of the keys I, 2. Consequently, even if either of the revolutions keys I, 2 should be kept depressed, after the key 3 has been actuated, the springs 42 will draw the corresponding rod 36 or 3! downwards, because the lower end of said rod will then pass laterally of the projection 9| or 92 of the key I or 2, as the case may be. Simultanecusly the pin 90b secured to an extension of the slide 90 will strike against one end of the locking arm 45 or 46 if the same is in looking position, thus removing the locking from the member 39, so that the actuator 4, 4a may be disconnected from the motor I-I, asv described above and be stopped and locked inits position of rest by the spring-actuated pawls 54, 55. After each stroke or revolution of the machine in adding or subtracting operations the settingand actuating device is consequently automatically zeroized and, even if either of the keys I or 2 is kept depressed said device will be stopped in its position of rest and locked therein after every stroke of the machine, that is every time an item has been added or subtracted.

If on the contrary the lever I is adjusted to its uppermost position (multiplication, division) shown in dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 1, the spring 93 withdraws the lever 83 from the path of the pawls 85, 85 and the actuator 4, 4a will not be zeroized until the zeroizing key 3 is manipulated by hand. In this case the actuator 4, 4a also continues its rotation (for multiplication and division), because the projection 9|, 92 keeps the rod 36 or 31, as the case may be, in its uppermost position until the key I or 2, as the case may be, is released or the key 3 actuated. For multiplication and division several revolutions of the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a (for each digit) are generally necessary and this is consequently attained in the most rapid and simple manner.

The slide 90 is further provided with a projection 90a engaged by a pin 94 secured to a lever 95 rotatable on the shaft II (Figs. 1, 5 and 6). The opposite end of said lever engages a curve 96 on the shaft I4 and thus prevents the release slide 90 from returning to its position of rest under the action of the spring 91, until the zeroizing of the pin wheel rotor 4, 4a is completed. Consequently, said pin wheel rotor will remain in its position of rest locked against rotation, until the pin wheels are completely zeroized.

Fig. 10 shows the last (highest) tens transfers pawl or hammer I of the results counter D, that is the tens transfers pawl for the figure or counting wheel IOI of the highest digit of said counter. If in operations of division the capacity of the results counter is exceeded, that is, if the pawl I00 is rocked and the figure wheels of at least the highest digits of said counter show the number 9 said pawl simultaneously lifts one end I52 of a double or bell crank lever I02 (Figs. 1, and upwards. The other end I 53 of said lever will swing the lever I04 rotatable on the pin I03 and the opposite end of said lever will then strike against a pin I05 on the release slide 90 to push the latter backwards, that is to the right in Fig. 1. In the manner described above the rod 36 or 31 is then released from the projection 9| or 92 and the motor H is disconnected from the actuator 4, 4a. Consequently, if the capacity of the results counter D is exceeded in divisional operations, the machine is automatically stopped. By depressing the key I the actuator is then rotated one revolution in the opposite direction a (that is in the direction) and by means of the tabulator keys C the pin wheel carriage 4 is moved to the next (lower) digit and the division is continued in the usual manner. By means of this device the division is considerably simplified and facilitated and may be carried out very rapidly and mechanically.

The use of the double pointed pawls 54, is also very important to secure a rapid and correct action in stopping the rotation of the actuator upon the automatic release of the zeroizing operation from the last tens transfers pawl I00 of the results counter D because also in this case the release may be effected immediately before the completion of a revolution of the pin wheel rotor, because the tens transfer is often effected immediately before the calculating operation is completed.

The following may be mentioned about the speeds of rotation of the toothed wheels and shafts:

In the embodiment shown the driving shaft 9 with the gears I0 and II has the same speed of rotation as the gears I2, I3 and 63, and for each revolution of the shaft 9 the pin wheels 4a. will rotate one revolution. In addition and subtraction operations the actuator 4, 4a will first complete one revolution and thereafter the shaft 64 will make two revolutions for the automatic zeroizing. The addition or subtraction of an item will thus require three times the time necessary for one revolution of the pin wheels in operations of multiplication and division. But if the machine is well and correctly constructed the total time for'adding or subtracting an item is very short and about as long as the corresponding time for the same operation in the common adding machines.

For adjusting the machine from addition-subtraction to multiplication-division, and vice versa, only a short displacement of the lever 1 is necessary.

It is, however, to be observed that it is not necessary for the shaft 64 to make two revolutions for a zeroizing operation, but such operation may be effected by one or, for instance, three revolutions of said,shaft. It is only the permissible maximum strains of the material that are decisive for the maximum speed of said shaft and of the whole zeroizing operation.

It is evident that the latching and locking devices generally used in calculating machines may be used in the machine in accordance with this invention, for instance, interlocking means for preventing simultaneous depression of the two keys I and 2 or for preventing the zeroizing key from being actuated during the rotation of the pin wheels etc. Such devices are well-known in the art. The machine and the zeroizing members may be of any other suitable construction diiferent from those described in the U. S. Patent No. 1,927,771 and the U. S. Patent No. 2,108,596 (German Patent No. 535,576).

In the modified embodiment shown in Fig. 12, four pawls 54a, 54b, 550.,551? are substituted for the double pointed pawls 54, 55 of Fig. 1, that is, each double pointed pawl is replaced by one long pawl 54a or 55a and one short pawl 545 or 55b, each having only one point as usual. The pawls 54a and 54h are, preferably, journalled on the same pin 20!, and the pawls 55a and 5527 on the same pin 202 and are independent of each other. The long pawls 54a, 55a are actuated by a common spring a and the short pawls 54b, 55b by a common spring 6017. In other respects this em bodiment is similar to that shown in Fig. 1 and corresponding parts carry the same reference characters. When said pawls 54a, 54b, 55a, 55b are released by the lever 6! acting on the pins 66 they are all four lifted simultaneously. In certain cases such independent pawls are preferred to the double pointed pawls.

While we have shown and described two more or less specific embodiments of our invention, it is to be understood that this has been done for purposes of illustration only and the scope of our invention is to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims when viewed in the light of the prior art.

What we claim is:

1. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; two spur gears rotated in opposite directions by said motor, a projection on each of said gears, a pawl rotatable with said shaft and pivotally secured thereto about an axis at right angles to the axis of rotation of the shaft, the free end of said pawl extending radially beyond the peripheries of said spur gears, and means engaging said pawl radially beyond said peripheries for pivoting said pawl into engagement with either of'said projections and out of engagement with both said projections.

2. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; two spur gears rotated in op posite directions by said motor, a projection on each of said spur gears extending radially beyond the periphery of said spur gears, a pawl rotatable with said shaft and-pivotally secured thereto about an axis at right angles to the axis of rotation of the shaft, the free end of said pawl extending radially beyond the peripheries of said spur gears, and means outside of said shaft for pivoting said pawl into engagement with either of said projections and out of engagement with both said projections, said pawl engaging said projections radially beyond the peripheries of said spur gears.

3. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, and means for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, the last-mentioned means including a first rod slidable in one directionfor pivoting said pawl to engage a projection on one of said members, and a second rod slidable in the same direction for pivoting said pawl to engage a projection on the other of said members.

4. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, a movable guide member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, actuating rods for moving said guide member, a lever, means for oscillating said lever by said motor, and means for moving said rods into the path of travel of said lever.

5. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator'adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, a movable guide member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, actuating rods for moving said guide member, a lever, means for oscillating said lever by said motor, a spring pressed slide on said lever, and means for moving said rods into the path of travel of said slide.

6. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, and a slotted member for engaging said pawl and pivoting the pawl into engagement with either of said projections.

7. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, a slotted member for engaging said pawl and pivoting the pawl into engagement with either of said projections, rods slidably connected to said slotted member, and means for actuating said rods.

8. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, means for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, and a stationary guide for retaining said pawl in engagement with either of said projections.

9. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on saidpin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, and an arcuate member having a slot narrower at the middle than at the ends for engaging said pawl to pivot it into engagement with either of said projections.

10. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, an arcuate member having a slot narrower at the middle than at the ends for-engaging said pawl to pivot it into engagement with either of said projections, and a stationary arcuate guide for retaining said pawl in engagement with either of said projections.

11. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, an arcuate member'having a slot narrower at the middle than at the ends for engaging said pawl, said arcuate member being displaceable in opposite directions to pivot said pawl into engagement with either of said projections, and a spring tending to retain said arcuate member in a central position.

12. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, means including movable rods for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, and means operable by movement of said rods for locking said actuator against rotation and for unlocking the same.

13. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said mem-- bers, a guide memb-er'for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, elements movable with said guide member, a lever having one end in the path of movement of said elements, and ratchet means operable by said lever for locking said actuator against rotation and for unlocking the same.

14. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor projections on said members, a guide member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, a projection on said actuator, ratchet members facing each other, and means operable by movement of said guide member to bring said ratchet members into and out of engagement with the projection on said actuator.

15. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted onsaid pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, a guide member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, guiding pins secured to said slotted member, key-operated rods slidably engaged by said guiding pins, a lever having one end in the path of motion of said'guiding pins, a projection on said actuator, spring pressed ratchet members, and means operable by movement of said guide member to bring said ratchet members into and out of engagement with the projection on said actuator.

16. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, a projection on said actuator, pivotally mounted arms, a spring between said arms, and ratchet mechanism on said arms for stopping rotation in either direction of said projection and for releasing said projection.

17. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof,

a cross-shaped pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two spur gears rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, said pawl projecting radially beyond the periphery of said spur gears, means for driving said gears in opposite directions by said motor, projections on-said gears, and a key operated slotted member engaging said pawl radially beyond the periphery of said spur gears for pivoting the pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom.

18. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, .a slotted member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, and means operable by movement of said slotted member for locking said actuator against rotation and for unlocking the same.

19. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles to the axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, means for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, and a stationary arcuate guide for retaining said pawl in engagement with either of said projections, said arcuate guide having an extent of at least 270.

20. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, .an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, a projection on said actuator, pivotally mounted arms, a spring between said arms, and spring-pressed double-pointed ratchets on said arms for stopping rotation in either direction of said projection and for releasing said projection.

21. In a calculating machine having .a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft, a projection on said actuator, pivotally mounted arms, a spring between said arms, and two spring-pressed single-pointed ratchets on each of said arms for stopping rotation in either direction of said projection and for releasing said projection.

22. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft including a coupling and reversing pawl, an arcuate member displaceable for moving said pawl, rods movable to displace said arcuate member, locking means for said arcuate member, and keys movable to actuate said rods and said locking means.

23. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction, a shaft operative to rotate said actuator, a releasable and reversible transmission between said motor and said shaft including a coupling and reversing pawl, an arcuate member displaceable for moving said pawl, locking means for said arcuate member, and keys movable to displace said pawl and to simultane o-usly move said locking means.

24. In a calculating machine having a unidirectional motor, an actuator adapted to be rotated in either direction and .a shaft operative to rotate said actuator; a pin secured to said shaft and extending at right angles tothe axis thereof, a pawl pivotally mounted on said pin, two members rotatably mounted on either side of said pawl, means for driving said members in opposite directions by said motor, projections on said members, a guide member for pivoting said pawl to engage either of said projections and to be released therefrom, a projection on said actuator, spring pressed ratchet members, and means operable by movement of said guide member to bring said ratchet members into and out of engagement with the projection on said actuator.

ROLF ERIK ANNERE'N. BENGT .cARLsTRoM. 

